91��������

There91�������יs a new course on the block at the Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL), joining other Advanced Research Training Courses that are renown by biologists worldwide.

Focusing on symbiosis 91�������ד the long-term biological interaction of different species --  the Molecular and Cell Biology of Symbiosis course ran May 10-June 8 and immersed the inaugural cohort of 12 students in essential concepts, current research questions, and state-of-the-art experimental approaches.

91�������לThe emergence of really powerful tools to study the molecular and cellular biology of organisms has revolutionized our ability to study symbiotic relationships of diverse organisms at the microscopic level,91�������ם said , staff scientist at the , who co-developed and co-directs the course. 91�������לThe goal of the course is to get students who either study or are interested in symbiosis 91�������ד simply put, how organisms in close proximity to each other interact 91�������ד to think about applying these new molecular and cellular techniques.91�������ם

Approximately 50 graduate students and postdoctoral researchers from around the globe applied for the course, of which 12 were selected to participate.

The students91�������י days were split into morning lectures followed by afternoons of hands-on research. Each week covered a different organism or set of organisms, including insects, aquatic plants, squid, sponge, amoebas, and cnidarians, a type of aquatic invertebrate that includes corals, jellyfish, and sea anemones.

The students explored questions such as how the microbial community inside the gut of Drosophila (fruit fly) interacts with its host or how pathogenic bacteria affect sponges. Eleven faculty and seven guest lecturers participated. At the end of each week, students gave presentations about their laboratory explorations.

91�������לOur inaugural cohort of students was really quite amazing,91�������ם said , senior staff scientist and director of the Department of Embryology at the Carnegie Institute of Science, who co-developed and co-directs the course. 91�������לThey asked wonderful questions and were very enthusiastic. Our hope is that they take the tools that they learned in this course to further explore understudied organisms and really revolutionize our understanding of how they interact.91�������ם

Insights into these relationships could also lead to a better understanding of how similar interactions work within more complex organisms, Zheng added, laying the groundwork for advancements in fields from human health to agriculture to climate science.

To provide symbiotic organisms for the course, the MBL constructed a new aquatic culturing facility, adding another element to the deep resources and cutting-edge equipment the laboratory offers. Eventually, the culturing facility will also provide these organisms to the research community at large.

Funding for the course and associated infrastructure comes from the , a philanthropic organization with interests in environmental conservation and scientific discovery. The foundation91�������יs funding supports the course faculty, the new aquatic culturing facility, and full scholarships for all students.