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MBL Associate Scientist J. Andrew Gillis co-authored , which demonstrates that the mammalian outer ear shares gene regulatory programs with the gills of fishes and amphibians. 

The outer ear is unique to mammals, but its evolutionary origin has remained a mystery. 

According to a new study published in Nature from the USC Stem Cell lab of Gage Crump, this intricate coil of cartilage has a surprisingly ancient origin in the gills of fishes and marine invertebrates. 

91�������ל91�������טWhen we started the project, the evolutionary origin of the outer ear was a complete black box,91�������י said corresponding author Crump, professor of stem cell biology and regenerative medicine at the Keck School of Medicine of USC.91�������ם 

91�������ל91�������טWe had been studying the development and regeneration of the jawbones of fishes, and an inspiration for us was Stephen Jay Gould91�������יs famous essay 91�������טAn earful of jaw,91�������י which laid out how fish jawbones transformed into the middle ear bones of mammals.91�������י91�������ם 

91�������לThis made us wonder whether the cartilaginous outer ear may also have arisen from some ancestral fish structure.91�������ם 

The first clue toward cracking this mystery was the team91�������יs discovery that gills and outer ears are both composed of a relatively rare tissue type: elastic cartilage.

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Source: An Earful of Gill: Stem Cell Study Points to Evolutionary Origin of Outer Ear | Super Innovators